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Degrees of certainty – past time (mức độ chắc chắn – quá khứ)

DEGREES OF CERTAINTY – PAST TIME

(mức độ chắc chắn – quá khứ)

I. Affirmative : where was he last night?

  1. Chắc chắn 100%, dùng past tense

He was at home last night.

(Anh ta đã ở nhà tối qua.)

  1. Chắc chắn 95%, dùng must

S + must + have + past participle (Ved/V3)

He must have been at home last night. I saw the light on in his house.

(Anh ta chắc hẳn đã ở nhà tối qua. Tôi thấy đèn bật ở trong nhà.)

  1. Chắc chắn dưới 50%, dùng may, might hoặc could

S + may/might/could + have + past participle

He may have been at home.

(Anh ta có thể ở nhà.)

He might have been at the library.

(Anh ta có thể ở thư viện.)

He could have been at his friend’s house.

(Anh ta có thể nhà bạn anh ta.)

II. Negative

  1. Chắc chắn 100%, dùng past tense

He wasn’t at home last night.

(Tối qua anh đã không ở nhà.)

  1. Chắc chắn 99%, dùng can’t/couldn’t

S + can’t/couldn’t + have + past participle

He can’t/couldn’t have been at home last night. Someone saw him stay at a hotel.

(Anh ta không thể nào có nhà tối qua được. Có người đã thấy anh ta ở lại một khách        sạn.)

  1. Chắc chắn 95%, dùng mustn’t

S + mustn’t + have + past participle

He mustn’t have been at home last night. I didn’t see his car in front of the house.

(Chắc hẳn tối qua anh ta không có nhà. Tôi đã không thấy cái xe của anh ở trước            nhà.)

  1. Chắc chắn dưới 50% , dùng may not /might not

S + may not/mightn’t + have + past participle

He may not have been at home last night.

He mightn’t have been at home last night.

(có thể anh ta không có nhà tối qua.)

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Exercises of degrees of certainty – past time

Use an appropriate form of must, can, and could with the verbs in parentheses to complete the dialogues.

1.A: Abigail fell asleep during the lesson this morning.

B: she (sleep) mustn’t have slept well last night.

2. A: Paul always pushes all onions aside, and never eats them.

B: He (dislike)                         onions.

3. A: It was the first time for Addison to deliver a speech in front of her school.

B: She (be)                              nervous.

4. A: Can you lend me some money?

B: I don’t seem to have my wallet. I (leave)                           it at home because I paid for my taxi.

5. A: Gavin told me that he would to the beach.

B: So, he (swim)                     in the sea right now.

6. A: Have you seen my hand bag?

B: It (be)                      in the kitchen.

A: It’s not in the kitchen. It (be)                       in my bedroom. I was there a few minutes ago.

B: Have you found it yet? You (leave)                       it in the toilet.

A: I (leave)                  it in the toilet. I haven’t got in the toilet since I came home.

7. A: I met a nice girl at a party last night. I asked her a question in English, she just smiled and nodded.

B: she (speak)                         much English.

8. A: These shoes don’t fit me anymore.

B: Your feet (grow)                            

9. A: It (be)                      Tom over there.

B: he (be)                    Tom. Tom is bigger, and taller than that guy.

A: So, I (have)                         some problems with my eyes.

10. A: I didn’t see Dave yesterday. Where was he?

B: He (go)                   to visit his grandma.

A: He (go)                   to visit her because she was travelling in a foreign country.

B: He (study)               in the library because he said he needed a quiet place to study for his tests.


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