DEGREES OF CERTAINTY – PAST TIME
(mức độ chắc chắn – quá khứ)
I. Affirmative : where was he last night?
- Chắc chắn 100%, dùng past tense
He was at home last night.
(Anh ta đã ở nhà tối qua.)
- Chắc chắn 95%, dùng must
S + must + have + past participle (Ved/V3)
He must have been at home last night. I saw the light on in his house.
(Anh ta chắc hẳn đã ở nhà tối qua. Tôi thấy đèn bật ở trong nhà.)
- Chắc chắn dưới 50%, dùng may, might hoặc could
S + may/might/could + have + past participle
He may have been at home.
(Anh ta có thể ở nhà.)
He might have been at the library.
(Anh ta có thể ở thư viện.)
He could have been at his friend’s house.
(Anh ta có thể nhà bạn anh ta.)
II. Negative
- Chắc chắn 100%, dùng past tense
He wasn’t at home last night.
(Tối qua anh đã không ở nhà.)
- Chắc chắn 99%, dùng can’t/couldn’t
S + can’t/couldn’t + have + past participle
He can’t/couldn’t have been at home last night. Someone saw him stay at a hotel.
(Anh ta không thể nào có nhà tối qua được. Có người đã thấy anh ta ở lại một khách sạn.)
- Chắc chắn 95%, dùng mustn’t
S + mustn’t + have + past participle
He mustn’t have been at home last night. I didn’t see his car in front of the house.
(Chắc hẳn tối qua anh ta không có nhà. Tôi đã không thấy cái xe của anh ở trước nhà.)
- Chắc chắn dưới 50% , dùng may not /might not
S + may not/mightn’t + have + past participle
He may not have been at home last night.
He mightn’t have been at home last night.
(có thể anh ta không có nhà tối qua.)
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Exercises of degrees of certainty – past time
Use an appropriate form of must, can, and could with the verbs in parentheses to complete the dialogues.
1.A: Abigail fell asleep during the lesson this morning.
B: she (sleep) mustn’t have slept well last night.
2. A: Paul always pushes all onions aside, and never eats them.
B: He (dislike) onions.
3. A: It was the first time for Addison to deliver a speech in front of her school.
B: She (be) nervous.
4. A: Can you lend me some money?
B: I don’t seem to have my wallet. I (leave) it at home because I paid for my taxi.
5. A: Gavin told me that he would to the beach.
B: So, he (swim) in the sea right now.
6. A: Have you seen my hand bag?
B: It (be) in the kitchen.
A: It’s not in the kitchen. It (be) in my bedroom. I was there a few minutes ago.
B: Have you found it yet? You (leave) it in the toilet.
A: I (leave) it in the toilet. I haven’t got in the toilet since I came home.
7. A: I met a nice girl at a party last night. I asked her a question in English, she just smiled and nodded.
B: she (speak) much English.
8. A: These shoes don’t fit me anymore.
B: Your feet (grow)
9. A: It (be) Tom over there.
B: he (be) Tom. Tom is bigger, and taller than that guy.
A: So, I (have) some problems with my eyes.
10. A: I didn’t see Dave yesterday. Where was he?
B: He (go) to visit his grandma.
A: He (go) to visit her because she was travelling in a foreign country.
B: He (study) in the library because he said he needed a quiet place to study for his tests.
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