BÀI HỌC TIẾNG ANH

Quá khứ hoàn thành (past perfect)

QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH

(PAST PERFECT)

(+)  S + had + past participle (Ved/ V3)

I had finished.
You had finished.
He had finished.
She had finished.
It had finished.
We had finished.
You had finished.
They had finished.

 

I had = I’d

            You had = you’d (tương tự: he’d, she’d, …)

Link xem cách thêm ‘ed’ và ‘ing’

Link xem động từ bất quy tắc

(-)  S + had + not + past participle

I had not finished.
You had not finished.
He had not finished.
She had not finished.
It had not finished.
We had not finished.
You had not finished.
They had not finished.

 

had not = hadn’t

            I had not = I hadn’t

(?)  Had + S + past participle

Had I finished?
Had you finished?
Had he finished?
Had she finished?
Had it finished?
Had we finished?
Had you finished?
Had they finished?

 

Yes, I/You/He…. had.

            No, I/You/He… hadn’t.

Dùng past perfect khi muốn diễn tả một hành động/ sự việc đã (hoặc chưa bao giờ) xảy ra trước một hành động/ sự việc hay một thời điểm khác trong quá khứ.

They had finished their reports when I came to work.

(Họ đã làm xong các báo cáo của họ khi tôi đến chỗ làm.)

Trong quá khứ có 2 hành động, viết báo cáo xảy ra trước hành động đến chỗ làm.

He had seen that film twice until yesterday.

(Cho đến hôm qua thì anh ta đã xem phim đó 2 lần rồi.)

‘yesterday’ là một thời điểm trong quá khứ, xem phim 2 lần đã xảy ra trước ‘yesterday’.

I had never met him until yesterday.

(Tôi đã chưa bao giờ gặp anh ta cho đến hôm qua.)

Khi trong câu có các trạng ngữ ‘before’ (trước khi), hay ‘after’ (sau khi) thì trong các mệnh đề này chúng ta có thể dùng past simple hay past perfect trong các mệnh đề này.

Before she came home, she had had dinner.

= Before she came home, she had dinner.

(Trước khi về nhà, cô ta đã ăn tối.)

I went on my vacation after I finished my report.

= After I had finished my report, I went on my vacation.

(Tôi đi nghỉ sau khi hoàn thành xong báo cáo của tôi.)

Khi muốn nhấn mạnh chúng ta có thể dùng các trạng ngữ: already, just, v.v…

Link xem cách dùng các trạng ngữ           

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Exercises of past perfect

Fill in the gaps using the past simple or the past perfect

(Hãy điền vào chỗ trống bằng quá khứ đơn hay quá khứ hoàn thành)

  1. He (be) was/ had been a waiter before he (become)            became          a manager.
  2. I (feel)                          a little better after I (take)                                the medicine.
  3. I was late. The teacher (give, already)                                   a test when I (get)                               to class.
  4. They (leave)                the village when they (collect)                        enough data.
  5. By the time class (be)             over, the rain (stop)                             .
  6. Class (begin, already)                         by the time I (get)                    there, so I (take, quietly)                     a seat in the back.
  7. Dinosaurs (become)               extinct by the time human kind (appear)                    .
  8. I (see, never)                           any of Picasso’s paintings before I (visit)                   the art museum.
  9. I almost missed my plane. All of the other passengers (board, already)                               by the time I (get)                                    there.
  10. Yesterday at a restaurant, I (see)                   an old friend of mine. I (see,not)                    her in years. At first, I (recognize, not)             her because she (lose)                       at least 20 kilos.

Link xem đáp án bài tập quá khứ hoàn thành (past perfect)

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